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糖基磷脂酰肌醇(GPI)锚作为翻译后修饰成分位于真核生物蛋白的C末端,将修饰后蛋白锚定在细胞膜的外侧小叶上。GPI结构复杂且GPI锚定蛋白在结构和功能上也相差甚远,其在许多生物学过程中都是不可缺少的。寄生原虫膜表面具有大量的GPI锚定蛋白以及GPI相关糖蛋白,能通过周期性的改变来逃避宿主的免疫反应。尽管某些GPI蛋白的特征已明确,但GPI锚的生物功能并没有在分子水平上得到解释。本文对GPI的结构、生物合成以及在原虫中的研究进展作了综述。
Glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchor as a post-translational modification of the eukaryotic protein at the C-terminal, the modified protein anchored in the outer membrane of the leaflets. The GPI structure is complex and GPI-anchored proteins are also structurally and functionally divergent, and are indispensable in many biological processes. Parasitic protozoal membrane surface with a large number of GPI-anchored proteins and GPI-related glycoprotein, can be cyclically changed to evade the host’s immune response. Although the characteristics of some GPI proteins are well established, the biological function of GPI anchors has not been elucidated at the molecular level. This review summarizes the structure, biosynthesis of GPI and its progress in protozoa.