目的分析农村留守儿童的个性心理和行为特征并探讨相应的护理对策。方法选取我医院所在辖区附近的2所农村小学,抽取1000名儿童接受调查,根据儿童是否为留守儿童分为留守组(n=310)和对照组(n=690),使用艾克森个性问卷儿童版(EPQ)、流调用儿童抑郁量表(CESDC)、儿童自我意识量表(PHCSS)、Rutter儿童行为教师问卷对这1000名儿童进行调查,比较两组儿童的调查结果。结果 EPQ调查结果显示,留守组儿童的P分和N分均显著高于对照组儿童(P<0.05);CES-DC调查结果显示,留守组儿童的评分显著高于对照组儿童(P<0.05),留守组儿童的抑郁症状检出率显著高于对照组儿童(P<0.05);Rutter调查结果显示,留守组儿童A评分显著低于对照组(P<0.05);PHCSS量表调查结果显示,留守组儿童躯体外貌和幸福与满足的得分显著低于对照组儿童(P<0.05)。结论农村留守儿童的心理卫生状况要比同龄非留守儿童要差,要动员学校、家庭和社会共同参与农村留守儿童的教育和监护,促进农村留守儿童的心理健康状况良好。 Objective To analyze the psychological and behavioral characteristics of left-behind children in rural areas and to explore the corresponding nursing strategies. Methods Two rural primary schools near the district where my hospital was located were selected and 1000 children were selected for investigation. According to whether the children were left-behind children were divided into left-behind group (n = 310) and control group (n = 690) EPQ, CESDC, PHCSS and Rutter questionnaire were used to investigate the 1000 children, and the results of two groups of children were compared. Results The results of EPQ showed that the scores of P and N in left-behind children were significantly higher than those in control children (P <0.05). The results of CES-DC showed that scores of left-behind children were significantly higher than those of control children (P <0.05) ). The detection rate of depressive symptom of left-behind children was significantly higher than that of control children (P <0.05). The results of Rutter test showed that children left-behind children’s A score was significantly lower than that of control children (P <0.05); the results of PHCSS , And scores of body appearance, happiness and satisfaction in left-behind children were significantly lower than those in control children (P <0.05). Conclusion Mental health status of left-behind children in rural areas is worse than non-left-behind children of the same age. Schools, families and communities should be mobilized to participate in the education and guardianship of left-behind children in rural areas and to promote the mental health of left-behind children in rural areas.