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目的 分析北京市昌平区2015-2016年疑似预防接种异常反应(AEFI)发生特征,评价AEFI监测质量和预防接种安全性.方法 通过全国AEFI信息管理系统收集2015-2016年昌平区上报的AEFI个案数据,用描述性流行病学方法对相关数据进行分析.结果 2015-2016年共报告433例AEFI,报告发生率为24.00/10万,严重AEFI发生率为1.00/10万.一般反应报告发生率为15.02/10万,以发热、红肿、硬结为主;异常反应报告发生率为7.54/10万,以过敏性皮疹为主.AEFI报告数男女性别比为1.13∶1;2岁以下儿童占78.75％;主要分布在5月、6月和11月;接种疫苗后＜1大发生占71.59％.结论 2015-2016年昌平区AEFI监测质量大幅提高、预防接种安全性良好;应重点加强小年龄儿童和接种后24小时内的AEFI监测.“,”Objective To determine characteristics of adverse event following immunization (AEFI) in Changping district of Beijing,2015-2016,and to evaluate AEFI monitoring quality and immunization safety.Methods AEFI data in 2015-2016 were collected through the National AEFI Information Management System,and were analyzed by descriptive epidemiological methods.Results 433 AEFI cases were reported in 2015-2016,for an incidence rate of 24.00 per 100 000 doses.The incidence rate of serious AEFIs was 1.00 per 100 000 doses.The incidence was 15.02 per 100 000 doses for common adverse reactions-primarily fever,redness/swelling,and induration;and was 7.54 per 100 000 doses for rare adverse reactions-mostly allergic rash.The male to female ratio was 1.13∶ 1.Cases under 2 years old accounted for 78.75％ of serious AEFIs.Most cases occurred in May,June,or November;71.59％ of cases occurred within 1 day of vaccination.Conclusions AEFI monitoring quality was significantly improved in 2015-2016 in Changping,with a good immunization safety.We should emphasize monitoring of AEFIs among young children,especially within 24 hours of vaccination.