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为提高芯片的集成度,降低系统成本,提高系统的可靠性,超大规模集成电路应运而生,而且都采用了表面安装技术。在加电情况下对微机进行检修,很难保证无断路、短路现象发生,有时甚至引发新的故障。一般用户都不具备中、高档检测设备,这样就给维修工作带来了很大困难。笔者通过大量的故障检修实践,发现集成电路器件(包括中、大规模集成电路)的故障很多能通过静态(不加电源)检测出来。下面介绍三种简单实用的方法: 1.静态目测法 静态目测法就是指不给微机加电,打开机箱(或显示器后盖)观察其外表现象。它是维修工作中的第一步。首先观看集成电路和机器元器件表面颜色,如颜色有变化,就应考虑是否有烧坏可能。其次是观看引脚,看有无元件、集成电路引脚之间相互接触发生短路,或者震动引起引脚虚焊、脱焊等现象。另外,还要仔细观看印刷线条是否有断裂现象。 2.静态特征测量法
In order to improve the integration of the chip, reduce the system cost and improve the reliability of the system, the VLSI emerges, and all adopt the surface mount technology. In the case of power on the computer for maintenance, it is difficult to ensure no open circuit, short circuit, and sometimes even lead to new failures. The average user does not have, high-end testing equipment, thus giving maintenance work has brought great difficulties. Through a large number of troubleshooting practice, I found that a lot of integrated circuit devices (including medium and large scale integrated circuits) can be detected by static (without power). Here are three simple and practical methods: 1. Static visual method Static visual method means not to power the computer, open the case (or display back cover) to observe the appearance. It is the first step in repair work. First of all watch the surface of integrated circuits and machine components color, such as color changes, you should consider whether there is a burn. Followed by watching the pin to see if there are components, the contact between the integrated circuit pins short-circuit, or vibration caused pin Weld, desoldering and so on. In addition, we must carefully watch the printed lines are broken. 2. Static characteristics of measurement