论文部分内容阅读
利用RAPD标记，对以我国西北和西南为主的68个芥莱型油菜地方品种和4个加拿大引进品种（系）的遗传多样性进行了研究。通过31个随机引物的RAPD分析，表明选用的72个品种（系）间存在广泛的遗传变异，多态性位点比率达85．31％。经UPGMA聚类分析将它们划分为6大类群，从聚类图可得如下结论：（1）地理差异和生态环境对遗传差异有重要影响，即来自同一省份的品种基本上聚在同一类群中。（2）我国冬播和春播芥菜型油菜在遗传上有较大差异，且冬播油莱的遗传多样性比春播油菜更为丰富。（3）长江中下游湖北、江苏两地品种与贵州地方品种亲缘关系密切。（4）陕西芮城地方品种与众不同，自成一类；而中原地区河南省的品种和陕西其它地方品种亲缘关系较近。（5）地处华北的山西省春油菜与西北的甘肃春油菜品种亲缘关系很近，而与新疆着油菜亲缘关系较远。（6）目前加拿大芥菜型油菜育种中的部分种质资源主要引自印度，近十年来又向我国引种，因而它们可能具有我国西北地方品种的亲缘关系，这也许就是它们与新疆品种亲缘关系较近的原因所在。
Using RAPD markers, the genetic diversity of 68 Brassica napus landraces and 4 introduced Canadian races (lines) dominated by northwestern and southwestern China was studied. The RAPD analysis of 31 random primers showed that there was a wide range of genetic variation among the 72 varieties (lines) selected, with a ratio of polymorphic loci of 85.31%. According to the UPGMA cluster analysis, they are divided into six groups, and the following conclusions can be drawn from the cluster diagram: (1) Geographical differences and ecological environment have an important influence on the genetic differences. That is, the varieties from the same province are basically clustered in the same group . (2) The genetic diversity of winter mustard and spring mustard in China is quite different, and the genetic diversity of winter sowing oilleaf is more abundant than that of spring sowing. (3) Hubei and Jiangsu in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River are closely related to Guizhou landraces. (4) The local varieties of Ruicheng in Shaanxi Province are distinct and self-contained, while the varieties in Henan Province in the Central Plains area are closely related to other local varieties in Shaanxi Province. (5) The spring rapeseed in Shanxi Province in North China is closely related to the spring rapeseed varieties in Gansu Province in Northwest China, but has a close genetic relationship with Xinjiang rape. (6) At present, some germplasm resources of B. juncea breeding in Canada mainly come from India and have been introduced to our country in the past ten years. Therefore, they may have the genetic relationship with the northwestern landraces of our country, which may be because they are more kinship with Xinjiang cultivars Near the reason.