巴赫金是世界著名的文艺理论家,现代欧洲文学的探索者。在他的学术创作中,无论是对陀思妥耶夫斯基的诗学研究,还是对拉伯雷的创作抑或中世纪和文艺复兴时期的民间文化的研究,都根植于古典文化渊源,特别是对古希腊罗马时期的文艺传统进行过富有创新的现代观照;而他在研究现代欧洲文学过程中所提出的对话理论、复调小说理论、狂欢诗学理论,以及与之相关的“时空体”、“长远时间”等诸多概念,也都涉及到对古希腊罗马时期的传统思想的旁征博引。正是对古希腊罗马文艺思想的探源,从根本上推动了巴赫金关于文学发展进程的理解及其文艺理论研究的现代化进程。本文试图通过对巴赫金学说中古希腊罗马思想渊源所做的梳理,阐发巴赫金在研究现代欧洲文学特别是俄国经典文学过程中与古代传统文学所进行的“对话”及其理论方法在现代文学批评中的有效运用。 Bakhtin is a world famous literary theorist, an explorer of modern European literature. In his academic writing, both the study of Poetics of Dostoyevsky, the creation of Rabelais or the culture of the Middle Ages and the Renaissance are all rooted in the origin of classical culture, especially His modern and literary tradition of ancient Greece and Rome has been innovative and modern. His theory of dialogue, polyphonic novels and carnival poetics put forward in the study of modern European literature, “, ” Long-term time “and many other concepts, but also related to the ancient Greek and Roman period of the traditional ideas of reference. It is the source of ancient Greek and Roman literature and art to promote Bakhtin’s understanding of the process of literature development and the modernization of literary theory. This paper attempts to sort out the origins of Bakhtin’s theory of ancient Greek and Roman ideas, and elucidates the significance of Bakhtin ’s ”dialogue " with ancient traditional literature in the study of modern European literature, especially Russian classical literature, Effective Use in Literary Criticism.