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Purpose:To evaluate the anatomical and visual outcomes of pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) with intemal limiting membrane (ILM) peeling and use of retinal tamponade for retinal detachments resulting from macular hole (MHRD) in highly myopic eyes.Methods:Twenty-nine highly myopic patients (29 eyes) underwent PPV with ILM peeling and retinal tamponade for MHRD were enrolled.Demographics and best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA)were measured preoperatively and at final follow-up.Anatomical success and macular hole closure were analyzed.Results:Patients mean age of patients was 58.7±10.6 years,mean follow-up was 11.7±7.4 months.Twenty three eyes (23/26,88.5％ )undergoing primary PPV combined with ILM peeling had successful initial retinal reattachment,including 19 eyes (19/19,100％) with silicone oil tamponade and in 4 eyes (4/7,57.1％) with sulfur hexafluoride (C3F8)tamponade.Overall anatomical success was achieved in 27 eyes (27/29,93.1％ ).The macular hole closure was observed in 17 eyes (17/26,65.4％) with final anatomical success.Compared to preoperative BCVA,the mean postoperative BCVA in the eyes with anatomical success was significantly improved (P =0.007,Wilcoxon signed rank test).Conclusion:As a primary or secondary procedure,PPV combined with ILM peeling and usage of retinal tamponade serves as an effective method for MHRD in highly myopic eyes.( Eye Science 2012; 27:69- 75 )