目的:提高神经科临床医师对甲减病人的识别能力。方法 对6例长期误诊为神经系统疾病的甲减病人临床资料进行分析。结果 成年人甲减常以神经精神症状为主诉,症状与脑动脉硬化症相似,可出现共济失调、肌病等神经系统局灶体征。常合并阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征。结论 本病临床症状缺乏特异性,避免误诊的关健在于对本病的警惕,提高临床综合分析能力。 OBJECTIVE: To improve neurologists’ ability to recognize hypothyroidism. Methods Six cases of hypothyroidism who had been misdiagnosed as neurological diseases for a long time were analyzed. Results Adult hypothyroidism often neuropsychiatric symptoms as the main complaint, symptoms and cerebral atherosclerosis similar, there may be ataxia, myopathy and other nervous system focal signs. Often associated with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome. Conclusion The clinical symptoms of the disease is lack of specificity to avoid misdiagnosis of the key lies in the vigilance of the disease and improve clinical comprehensive analysis.