论文部分内容阅读
1. 雨下了三天，现在还没停。如果今天雨停了的话，我们就出去散散步。
误：It has been raining for three days. If the rain stops today, we would go out for a walk.
正：It has been raining for three days. If the rain stopped today, we would go out for a walk.
析：today是现在时间。在与现在事实相反的条件状语从句中，谓语动词应为过去式，主句中的谓语动词应为“would/should/could/might+动词原形”。
2. 如果你昨天完成了作业，就不会受到老师的责备了。
误：If you finished your homework yesterday, you wouldn’t be scolded by your teacher.
正：If you had finished your homework yesterday, you wouldn’t have been scolded by your teacher.
析：yesterday是过去时间。在和过去事实相反的条件状语从句中，谓语动词应为过去完成式，主句中的谓语动词应为“would/should/could/might+have done”。
3. 万一他明天来的话，我就把这本书给他。
误：Had he come tomorrow, I should give the book to him.
正：Should he come tomorrow, I should give the book to him.
析：虚拟条件从句中有had，were，should时，可省略if，再把从句中的had，were，should等提到主语前。这样变换后，还能表达同样的条件意义。tomorrow是将来时间，条件状语从句中应该用should come，不应该用had come。
4. 如果昨天没有下雪的话，现在我们就能在操场上踢球了。
误：If it didn’t snow yesterday, we can play football on the sports ground now.
正：If it hadn’t snowed yesterday, we could play football on the sports ground now.
析：主句动作和从句动作发生的时间不一致时，应视具体情况来确定主句和从句中谓语动词的形式。如果从句说的是过去的情况，那么其谓语动词应为过去完成式；如果主句说的是现在的情况，那么其谓语动词就应为“could+动词原形”。
5. 我建议汤姆马上去书店买那本书。
误：I suggest that Tom goes to the bookstore to buy the book at once.
正：I suggest that Tom(should) go to the bookstore to buy the book at once.
析：advise，suggest，propose，order，desire，request，demand等表示“建议、命令或要求”的动词后面接宾语从句时，从句的谓语动词应为“should+动词原形”，should也可以省略。
6. 我真希望没有把那件事告诉我母亲。
误：I wish I didn’t tell my mother that thing.
正：I wish I hadn’t told my mother that thing.
析：wish后面的宾语从句中，谓语动词应该用过去完成式表示过去时间。
7. 我建议这个问题在下次会议上讨论。
误：My advice is that this question will be discussed at the next meeting.
正：My advice is that this question(should) be discussed at the next meeting.
析：advice，demand，order，request，suggestion等名词后面的表语从句、同位语从句中，谓语动词应为“(should)+动词原形”。本句表示的是被动含义，所以应该用被动形式be discussed。
8. 现在到了你弟弟该努力学习的时候了。
误：It’s high time that your brother studies hard.
正：It’s high time that your brother studied hard.
析：在It’s (high) time后面的that从句中，谓语动词通常为过去式或“should+动词原形”。
9. 你要是能看到这本有趣的书，该有多好啊！
误：If only you can see this interesting book!
正：If only you could have seen this interesting book!
析：If only引导的是从句部分，主句部分常常被省略掉。“if only…”的意思是“要是……该多好啊”。在这种句式中，常用过去式表示现在时间，用过去完成式表示过去时间。有情态含义时，用“情态动词could/should/would+动词原形”表示将来时间，用“情态动词could/should/would+have+done”表示过去时间。
10. 他的朋友来了，否则他会和你一起去看电影的。
误：His friend had come, otherwise he would have gone to see the film with you.
正：His friend came, otherwise he would have gone to see the film with you.
析：用but，or，otherwise等连词连接的并列句中，有时候一个分句表达真实情况，另一个分句表达虚拟情况。这时我们要根据具体的意思来确定谓语动词的形式。此句中“朋友来了”是事实，所以要用过去时态，不能用过去完成时态。
误：It has been raining for three days. If the rain stops today, we would go out for a walk.
正：It has been raining for three days. If the rain stopped today, we would go out for a walk.
析：today是现在时间。在与现在事实相反的条件状语从句中，谓语动词应为过去式，主句中的谓语动词应为“would/should/could/might+动词原形”。
2. 如果你昨天完成了作业，就不会受到老师的责备了。
误：If you finished your homework yesterday, you wouldn’t be scolded by your teacher.
正：If you had finished your homework yesterday, you wouldn’t have been scolded by your teacher.
析：yesterday是过去时间。在和过去事实相反的条件状语从句中，谓语动词应为过去完成式，主句中的谓语动词应为“would/should/could/might+have done”。
3. 万一他明天来的话，我就把这本书给他。
误：Had he come tomorrow, I should give the book to him.
正：Should he come tomorrow, I should give the book to him.
析：虚拟条件从句中有had，were，should时，可省略if，再把从句中的had，were，should等提到主语前。这样变换后，还能表达同样的条件意义。tomorrow是将来时间，条件状语从句中应该用should come，不应该用had come。
4. 如果昨天没有下雪的话，现在我们就能在操场上踢球了。
误：If it didn’t snow yesterday, we can play football on the sports ground now.
正：If it hadn’t snowed yesterday, we could play football on the sports ground now.
析：主句动作和从句动作发生的时间不一致时，应视具体情况来确定主句和从句中谓语动词的形式。如果从句说的是过去的情况，那么其谓语动词应为过去完成式；如果主句说的是现在的情况，那么其谓语动词就应为“could+动词原形”。
5. 我建议汤姆马上去书店买那本书。
误：I suggest that Tom goes to the bookstore to buy the book at once.
正：I suggest that Tom(should) go to the bookstore to buy the book at once.
析：advise，suggest，propose，order，desire，request，demand等表示“建议、命令或要求”的动词后面接宾语从句时，从句的谓语动词应为“should+动词原形”，should也可以省略。
6. 我真希望没有把那件事告诉我母亲。
误：I wish I didn’t tell my mother that thing.
正：I wish I hadn’t told my mother that thing.
析：wish后面的宾语从句中，谓语动词应该用过去完成式表示过去时间。
7. 我建议这个问题在下次会议上讨论。
误：My advice is that this question will be discussed at the next meeting.
正：My advice is that this question(should) be discussed at the next meeting.
析：advice，demand，order，request，suggestion等名词后面的表语从句、同位语从句中，谓语动词应为“(should)+动词原形”。本句表示的是被动含义，所以应该用被动形式be discussed。
8. 现在到了你弟弟该努力学习的时候了。
误：It’s high time that your brother studies hard.
正：It’s high time that your brother studied hard.
析：在It’s (high) time后面的that从句中，谓语动词通常为过去式或“should+动词原形”。
9. 你要是能看到这本有趣的书，该有多好啊！
误：If only you can see this interesting book!
正：If only you could have seen this interesting book!
析：If only引导的是从句部分，主句部分常常被省略掉。“if only…”的意思是“要是……该多好啊”。在这种句式中，常用过去式表示现在时间，用过去完成式表示过去时间。有情态含义时，用“情态动词could/should/would+动词原形”表示将来时间，用“情态动词could/should/would+have+done”表示过去时间。
10. 他的朋友来了，否则他会和你一起去看电影的。
误：His friend had come, otherwise he would have gone to see the film with you.
正：His friend came, otherwise he would have gone to see the film with you.
析：用but，or，otherwise等连词连接的并列句中，有时候一个分句表达真实情况，另一个分句表达虚拟情况。这时我们要根据具体的意思来确定谓语动词的形式。此句中“朋友来了”是事实，所以要用过去时态，不能用过去完成时态。