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我国是一个多山的国家,山区面积占国土总面积的2/3,山地地形起伏大,降水相对集中,使得我国成为一个滑坡、崩塌与泥石流多发的国家。近年来,这类灾害发生的频率越来越高,给我国造成了极大的经济损失和人员伤亡,严重影响了社会经济的发展。一、滑坡、崩塌、泥石流基本概念(一)滑坡1.定义:指斜坡上不稳定的岩石体、土体或碎屑堆积物,在重力和地表水作用下,沿着一定的滑动面整体向下滑动的现象。2.滑坡产生的主要条件:主要有以下3个方面,一是地质地貌条件;二是水文地质条件;三是内外营力和人为作用的影响。地质地貌条件(1)岩土类型。岩体、土体是产生滑坡的物质基础。结构松软,土体或岩体抗风化能力较低,在水的
China is a mountainous country. The mountainous area occupies 2/3 of the total land area. The mountainous terrain is undulating and the precipitation is relatively concentrated. As a result, our country has become a country with landslide, collapse and debris flow. In recent years, the increasing frequency of such disasters has caused great economic loss and casualties to our country, seriously affecting the social and economic development. Landslide, Collapse and Debris Flow Basic Concepts (1) Landslide 1. Definition: refers to the unstable rock, soil or debris accumulation on the slope. Under the action of gravity and surface water, Sliding phenomenon. 2. Landslide generated the main conditions: There are the following three aspects, one is the geological and geomorphological conditions; the second is the hydrogeological conditions; the third is the internal and external force and human effects. Geological and geomorphological conditions (1) Geotechnical types. Rock mass and soil mass are the material basis for the landslide. Soft structure, soil or rock resistance to weathering is lower in water