从原理上分析了光栅透射谱对偏振相关损耗测量的灵敏度、测量范围和检测难易度等多个性能指标的影响机理,并利用传输矩阵法对各种光栅结构的传感性能进行了比较分析。为了降低检测误差,利用分立层剥重构算法分析了透射功率谱为级联三角形的光栅结构。为基于光栅偏振特性的传感测量中光栅结构的选择提供了参考。 The principle of grating transmission spectrum on the sensitivity of polarization-dependent loss measurement, the measurement range and the detection difficulty are analyzed theoretically. The transmission matrix method is used to analyze the sensing performance of various grating structures . In order to reduce the detection error, the grating structure of the cascaded triangular transmission power spectrum is analyzed by the discrete layer reconstruction algorithm. It provides a reference for grating structure selection in sensing measurement based on grating polarization characteristics.