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已用培养和聚合酶链反应法在母乳中检出人类免疫缺陷病毒Ⅰ型(HIV-Ⅰ)。但这并不意味着受感染的母亲绝不能采用母乳喂养。尽管有个案报告提示母乳喂养为产后感染的母亲传播 HIV-Ⅰ的一种途径,但证明来自产前感染母亲的传播尚属罕见。目前,尚无系统性回顾性研究评价产前或产后受感染的母亲通过母乳传播的危险。因此,作者制定一种能反映经母乳喂养传播危险的定量标准。本文综合符合这些标准的报告,并介绍对母乳喂养传播危险的综合评价。
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-I) has been detected in breast milk by culture and polymerase chain reaction. However, this does not mean that infected mothers must not use breastfeeding. Although case reports suggest that breastfeeding is a route of transmission of HIV-I to post-partum mothers, it is rare to report the spread of HIV from prenatal mothers. At present, there is no systematic, retrospective study assessing the risk of mother-to-child transmission of prenatal or postnatal infections. Therefore, the authors develop a quantitative standard that reflects the risk of transmission through breastfeeding. This article synthesizes reports that meet these criteria and presents a comprehensive assessment of the risk of breastfeeding transmission.