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基因编辑是一种对生物体基因组特定位点进行精确修饰的技术，通过对基因片段的敲除、插入及替换，实现对生物体某一特性或性状的改变。先后出现了锌指核酸酶、类转录激活因子效应物核酸酶、规律性重复短回文序列簇系统。这3种技术皆是通过在基因组特定位点引入DNA双链断裂损伤，继而通过机体自身的DNA损伤修复机制完成修复。本文重点介绍了近年来基因编辑技术在呼吸系统等疾病中的应用以及研究进展。“,”Gene editing is a kind of technology to modify the specific location of organism genome precisely.By knocking out, inserting and replacing gene fragments, it can change some characteristics or properties of organism.Zinc finger nucleases, transcription activator like effector nucleases and clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/cas endonuclease systems have appeared successively.All of these three technologies introduce DNA double strand break damage at specific genomic sites, and then repair them through the body′s own DNA damage repair mechanism.This paper mainly introduces the application and research progress of gene editing technology in respiratory diseases, hepatitis and other diseases in recent years.