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目的描述2009-2013年期间南京市流感的流行病学规律和特点。方法流感样本来源于流感样病例,利用逆转录聚合酶链反应确定阳性病例以及流感分型。采用Excel 2007整理数据和SPSS 19.0进行统计分析。结果 2009-2013年间,南京地区共有流感样病例17 906例,其中阳性2 990例,流感阳性率为16.7%。流感阳性率随月份、季度和年份而改变,南京阳性率高峰主要出现在秋冬季,也伴有一些夏季的高峰。甲型流感主要在夏季、秋季和冬季流行,乙型流感主要在冬季流行。2009-2013年南京优势毒株为甲型H1N1,H3N2和乙型流感。H3N2通常在秋季和夏季达到流行高峰,甲型H1N1大流行在秋季出现高峰,乙型流感主要在冬季流行。南京地区在秋季和初冬出现流行高峰,但有些年份,在夏季和初秋出现H3N2流行高峰。采用移动流行病学方法建立标准模型,一般流感在南京的流行大约持续11周,流行阈值为25.21%,流感阳性的背景率为5.82%。结论南京流感高峰通常一年发生一次,但在有些年份中,会出现两个流感高峰时期。
Objective To describe the epidemiological rules and characteristics of influenza in Nanjing during 2009-2013. Methods Influenza samples were derived from influenza-like cases and positive cases and influenza typing were determined using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. Statistical analysis was done using Excel 2007 and SPSS 19.0. Results A total of 17 906 influenza-like illness cases were found in Nanjing during 2009-2013, of which 2990 were positive and the positive rate was 16.7%. The positive rate of influenza changed with the month, quarter and year. The peak positive rate of Nanjing mainly appeared in autumn and winter, accompanied by some summer peaks. Influenza A mainly in summer, autumn and winter epidemic, influenza B mainly in winter epidemic. The dominant strains in Nanjing in 2009-2013 were Influenza A H1N1, H3N2 and Influenza B. H3N2 usually peaked in the fall and summer, with the influenza A (H1N1) pandemic peaked in the fall, with influenza B predominantly occurring in winter. Nanjing peaked in the autumn and early winter, but in some years, the peak H3N2 epidemic peaked in summer and early autumn. The use of mobile epidemiological methods to establish a standard model, the general influenza in Nanjing epidemic lasted about 11 weeks, the prevalence threshold was 25.21%, the positive background rate of influenza was 5.82%. Conclusions Nanjing flu peak usually occurs once a year, but in some years, there will be two flu peak periods.