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在口传文化中，史诗这一文类因其语义功能和语用功能构成神话史诗和历史史诗两种主要类型，进而与两种不同的社会组织（多头政体和帝国）相联接。从中非到西非，每个类型都可列举两个实例来呈现：一类是芳人的姆凡特史诗（加蓬）和尼扬加人的史诗（扎伊尔）；另一类是马林凯人的史诗《松迪亚塔》（马里）和马西纳人的颇尔史诗（马里）。本文的比较分析将以下三个视点纳入考量：一是社会政治语境或历史语境，二是歌手即格里奥的地位和角色，三是文本的内涵。“,”In oral culture,epic—a genre with distinct semantic and pragmatic functions is divided into legend epic and historic epic,associated with two different social organizations ( polyarchy and empire). From Central Africa to West Africa,either type can be sub-stantiated by two examples. Through comparisons,this paper considers three perspec-tives,namely,social political context or historic context,singer’s status and role,and the text’s implications.