介绍了超短脉冲超强激光等离子体中几种新的能量吸收机制．强激光照射等离子体时，相对论效应导致电子质量增大，相对论电子等离子体频率减小，激光能更深地进入等离子体产生强烈吸收．结合二维粒子模拟结果，着重介绍了真空加热和Ｊ×Ｂ加热这两种重要的能量吸收机制，粒子模拟结果清晰地描述了这两种吸收机制． Several new energy absorption mechanisms in ultrashort pulse superlattice laser plasma are introduced. When intense laser irradiates the plasma, the relativistic effect leads to the increase of the electron mass, the decrease of the relativistic electron plasma frequency, and the laser energy to get deeper into the plasma and generate strong absorption. Combined with the two-dimensional particle simulation results, two important energy absorption mechanisms, vacuum heating and J × B heating, are emphatically introduced. The particle simulation results clearly describe the two absorption mechanisms.