Medical artificial intelligence (AI) in China is now on the eve of a massive surge. Despite great promise from this emerging field, there remain formida-ble pitfalls and obstacles, especially the challenges to cur-rent legal rules. We review the development of legal rules concing medical AI in China, discuss risks of liability of commercial organizations and health care providers and whether current rules should be amended, and if so, what are the key issues to be addressed. Finally, we close by sketching possible ways forward for the legal and reg-ulatory system.