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在近代中国这样一个由传统向近代转型的特殊社会环境下,知识分子在寻求社会发展方向、国家前途、个人价值和理想实现的过程中,所展现出的与现实社会的隔膜,造就了他们深深的文化失落感。一直生活在古老传统之中的旧式知识分子,由于无法摆脱强大的历史惯性,因此难以适应新的社会环境;新式学堂及清末留学热潮中的新式知识分子,在人们依然沉浸于科举“正途”的社会氛围中备受排斥而深感压抑;知识分子在历经洋务运动、戊戌变法、辛亥革命等诸多努力后仍未能改变其屈辱命运之时,信仰破灭,或遁入空门,或自杀以求解脱;具有强烈忧患意识的先知先觉者与麻木不仁的普通大众有极深的思想隔阂。不论他们演绎了怎样的人生,都不能否认他们中的绝大多数都在寻找一种国家、民族前进和文化发展的方向,是深沉的忧患意识造就了他们这种执着的人文关怀。
Under the special social environment of modern China, such as the traditional transition from the traditional to the modern, the intellectuals, in seeking the direction of social development, the future of the country, the realization of personal values and ideals, Deep sense of cultural loss. Old intellectuals who have been living in the ancient traditions can not adapt to the new social environment because they can not get rid of the strong historical inertia. The new-style intellectuals in the new school and the upsurge of study abroad in the late Qing Dynasty are still immersed in the “right path” Of the social atmosphere of being deeply repressed and deeply depressed; intellectuals in the Westernization Movement, Reform Movement, the Revolution of 1911 and many other efforts have not been able to change its humiliating fate, the belief shattered, or fled into empty hands, or committed suicide Liberation; prophetic consciousness with a strong sense of urgency has a deep ideological estrangement from ordinary people who are insensitive. No matter what kind of life they interpret, one can not deny that most of them are looking for a nation, a national march and a direction for cultural development. They are deeply concerned about the sense of human suffering that has created them.