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为探索地表蜘蛛多样性及其变化与森林类型和管理方式的关系,在西双版纳勐仑自然保护区选择热带季节雨林、石灰山季节雨林和山地常绿阔叶林,在自然保护区附近选择人工纯林、胶茶群落和橡胶林,共6种林型,每种林型选择3块样带,共设置研究样地18块,分别于2006年12月上旬(雾凉季)、2007年3月下旬(干热季)和2007年7月上旬(雨季),以单位地表面积法收集地表蜘蛛的物种组成和数量数据,并以蜘蛛种类和数量分布为属性进行典范对应分析(CCA),探讨不同类型植被与地表蜘蛛多样性的关系。共采集蜘蛛标本9849头,用于统计分析的成熟蜘蛛3119头,归属于30科,其中幽灵蛛科、皿蛛科、球蛛科和小密蛛科是地表蜘蛛的优势类群。各林型科的数量为:热带季节雨林24科,石灰山季节雨林22科,山地常绿阔叶林22科,人工纯林20科,胶茶群落21科,橡胶林19科;各林型特有科数量:热带季节雨林2科,山地常绿阔叶林2科,橡胶林1科;而仅在雨林中分布的科4个(占全部30个科的13.3%),仅在自然林中分布的科6个(20.0%),仅在人工林中分布的科1个(3.3%)。从蜘蛛的数量分布看,个体密度在热带季节雨林显著高于其他5种林型;橡胶林多样性指数和丰富度指数显著低于3种自然林,而均匀度指数的最低值也同样在橡胶林出现。CCA分析和聚类分析的结果表明,6种林型趋于分成2组,即:自然林和人工林;在自然林中两种次生林的相似程度更高;人工林中人工纯林(非橡胶林)与胶茶群落的相似程度更高。以上结果表明:(1)森林砍伐后种植人工林措施改变了该地区地表蜘蛛群落的物种分布格局;(2)蜘蛛多样性随着人为干扰程度增加有减少的趋势;(3)减少人为干扰和增加植被群落多样性(橡胶林中种植茶树)对保护和恢复物种多样性有重要意义。
In order to explore the relationship between the diversity of surface spiders and their changes with the type and management of forests, tropical seasonal rainforests, limestone seasonal rain forests and mountain evergreen broad-leaved forests were selected in Menglun Nature Reserve in Xishuangbanna. Artificial pure A total of 6 sample plots were selected for each forest type. A total of 18 sample plots were set up in early December 2006 (foggy season), March 2007 The species composition and quantity data of surface spiders were collected by surface area method in late dry season (dry-hot season) and early July 2007 (rainy season). Canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) was conducted based on the species and distribution of spiders Relationship between Type Vegetation and Diversity of Surface Spiders. A total of 9849 spider specimens were collected from 3119 mature spiders for statistical analysis, belonging to 30 families. Among them, Species Araceae, Panidae, Araceae and Aconitum were the dominant species of surface spiders. There are 24 families in tropical seasonal rainforest, 22 families in seasonal rain forest in Lime Mountain, 22 families in evergreen broad-leaved forest in mountainous area, 20 families in artificial pure forest, 21 families in gum tea community and 19 families in rubber forest. The number of endemic families: 2 families in tropical seasonal rain forest, 2 families in mountainous evergreen broad-leaved forest and 1 family in rubber plantation. However, only 4 families (13.3% of all 30 families) are only distributed in rainforest and only in natural forest There were 6 families (20.0%) distributed and 1 (3.3%) distributed in plantations only. According to the distribution of spiders, the individual density in the tropical seasonal rain forest was significantly higher than the other five forest types; the diversity index and richness index of rubber plantation were significantly lower than those of three kinds of natural forests, while the lowest value of evenness index was also found in rubber Lin appears. The results of CCA analysis and cluster analysis showed that the six forest types tended to be divided into two groups, namely natural forest and plantation forest; the similarities of two secondary forests in natural forest were higher; that in artificial forest (non-rubber Lin) and the gum tea community are more similar. The above results indicate that: (1) Planting forest measures after deforestation changed the species distribution patterns of surface spider communities in the area; (2) Spider diversity tends to decrease with the increase of human disturbance; (3) Increasing the diversity of vegetation communities (planting tea plantations in rubber forests) is of great importance for the conservation and restoration of species diversity.