[目的]探讨以大量蛋白尿、水肿为主要表现的乙型肝炎病毒相关性肾炎(HBV-GN)的临床特征,以提高对该病的认识。[方法]对我院近5年来收治的5例以大量蛋白尿、水肿为主要表现的HBV-GN患者的临床资料进行回顾分析,并结合文献进行复习。[结果]全部患者均有明显水肿和蛋白尿,3例有腹水,尿蛋白定量为3.58~7.50g/d,(平均5.42g/d),血浆白蛋白为20.4~28.2g/L(平均24.5g/L);4例表现为肾病综合征,1例为肾炎综合征;病理类型4例为膜性肾病,1例为局灶性节段性肾小球硬化。阿德福韦酯与泼尼松联合治疗取得了很好的近期疗效。[结论]以大量蛋白尿、水肿为主要表现的HBV-GN患者大多以肾病综合征、膜性肾病为主要表现,应早期给予抗病毒与糖皮质激素联合治疗。消化内科医师应不断提高对该病的认识,早诊早治,减少误诊。 [Objective] To investigate the clinical features of hepatitis B virus-associated nephritis (HBV-GN), which is characterized by a large number of proteinuria and edema, in order to improve the understanding of the disease. [Methods] The clinical data of 5 patients with HBV-GN, which were mainly proteinuria and edema, were retrospectively analyzed in our hospital in the recent 5 years and reviewed with the literature. [Results] All patients had obvious edema and proteinuria, ascites in 3 cases, urinary protein quantification was 3.58-7.50g / d (mean 5.42g / d) and plasma albumin was 20.4-28.2g / L (average 24.5 g / L), 4 cases showed nephrotic syndrome, 1 case had nephritic syndrome, 4 cases had membranous nephropathy and 1 case had focal segmental glomerulosclerosis. Adefovir dipivoxil combined with prednisone has achieved good long-term efficacy. [Conclusion] The majority of patients with HBV-GN, which are mainly proteinuria and edema, are mainly nephrotic syndrome and membranous nephropathy. Anti-virus and glucocorticoid combination therapy should be given early. Digestive physicians should continue to raise awareness of the disease, early diagnosis and treatment, reduce misdiagnosis.