俄语толькои V1(делать/знать/уметь),что V2结构的整体性反映在其词法和句法特征中,V1和V2总是用未完成体,并且具有相同语法形式。该结构在语义上用于描写经常重复或密集的行为。3种变体各有特点,带знать和уметь的变体在语义上表达说话人对情景的负面评价。各变体的不同特征可以用V1语法化程度的不同解释。 Russian толькои V1 (делать / знать / уметь), The integrity of the что V2 structure is reflected in its lexical and syntactic features, V1 and V2 are always unfinished and have the same grammatical form. This structure is used semantically to describe frequently repeated or intensive behavior. Each of the three variants has its own characteristics. Variants with знать and уметь express the speaker’s negative evaluation of the scenario in a semantic sense. The different features of each variant can be interpreted in terms of the degree of grammaticalization of V1.