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哈萨克斯坦是中亚干旱-半干旱地区最大的内陆国家,东部以阿尔泰山、天山与我国相隔,区内河流众多,是该国水资源的主要来源地,额尔齐斯河、伊犁河是中哈两国重要的跨境河流。通过对哈萨克斯坦东部不同区域河水和湖水的主要离子、氢、氧同位素分析,初步研究了该区域的水化学和同位素空间分布特征及其对地表水循环的指示意义。结果表明:哈萨克斯坦东部河水离子组成以HCO_3-Ca为主,局部有HCO_3-Na水型分布。湖水以SO_4-Na为主,有少量HCO_3-Ca和SO_4-Ca型水。研究区内水体Ca~(2+)、Na~+、SO_4~(2-)均表现出南北低中间高的空间特征。河水氢、氧同位素变化范围分别为-123.46‰~-71.22‰和-16.09‰~-10.21‰,湖水氢、氧同位素变化范围分别为-97.82‰~-9.20‰和-12.74‰~2.44‰。额尔齐斯河河水与周围补给水体的氢、氧同位素差异显著,表明其主要来源于上游补给。河水和湖水氢、氧同位素关系式分别为δD=7.546×δ~(18)O+3.507和δD=5.737×δ~(18)O-24.14,且河水氢、氧同位素与经、纬度显著相关,反映了明显的内陆效应,而湖水氢、氧同位素的变化则主要反映了水体的蒸发程度,水体氢、氧同位素变化敏感地示踪了该区域水体的来源与循环特征。
Kazakhstan is the largest landlocked country in the arid and semi-arid region of Central Asia. Altai Mountain and Tianshan Mountains are separated from China in the east. There are many rivers in the region, making it the main source of water resources in the country. The Irtysh River and Ili River are Important cross-border rivers in China and Kazakhstan. Based on the analysis of major ion, hydrogen, and oxygen isotopes in rivers and lakes in different regions of eastern Kazakhstan, the hydrochemistry and isotopic distribution characteristics and their significance to the surface water cycle in the area were preliminary studied. The results show that the ion composition of the water in the east of Kazakhstan is dominated by HCO_3-Ca, and the HCO_3-Na water is locally distributed. The main SO_4-Na lake water, a small amount of HCO_3-Ca and SO_4-Ca-type water. The Ca ~ (2 +), Na ~ + and SO_4 ~ (2-) in the water of the study area all showed the spatial characteristics of low north-south center. The ranges of hydrogen and oxygen isotopes in the water ranged from -123.46 ‰ to -71.22 ‰ and from -16.09 ‰ to -10.21 ‰, respectively. The ranges of hydrogen and oxygen isotope variation in the lake ranged from -97.82 ‰ to -9.20 ‰ and -12.74 ‰ to 2.44 ‰, respectively. The difference between hydrogen and oxygen isotopes in the waters of the Irtysh River and those of the surrounding recharge water is significant, indicating that it mainly comes from the upstream recharge. The relationship between hydrogen and oxygen isotopes of river water and lake water is respectively δD = 7.546 × δ-18 O + 3.507 and δD = 5.737 × δ-18 O-24.14. The isotopes of hydrogen and oxygen in river water are significantly related to latitude and longitude, Which reflects the obvious inland effect. The change of hydrogen and oxygen isotopes in lake mainly reflects the evaporation degree of water body. The change of hydrogen and oxygen isotopes of water body sensitively traces the source and circulation characteristics of the water bodies in this area.