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目的对苯中毒、石棉肺、有害气体中毒者体细胞及生殖细胞的遗传损伤程度进行比较,为职业病防护与生殖健康研究提供依据。方法用常规法检测174名职业病患者(包括48例苯中毒、71例石棉肺、55例有害气体中毒)及80名健康人员的外周血淋巴细胞染色体畸变率和微核发生率,并取男性精液行精子畸形率与突变检测。结果3组患者染色体畸变率、微核发生率和精子畸形率依次为:苯中毒患者0.4%、1.52‰、(62±14)%;石棉肺患者0.51%、2.31‰、(41±7)%;有害气体中毒患者0.42%、1.55‰、(48±8)%,均明显高于对照组[0.20%、0.34‰、(27±5)%],差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。石棉肺组的染色体畸变率和微核发生率高于其他组,但无统计学意义(P>0.05);苯中毒组的精子畸形率高于其他组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。此外,在苯中毒患者精子中检测到了遗传物质的新突变。结论苯中毒、石棉肺、有害气体中毒者不仅存在体细胞遗传物质的损伤,还可能发生生殖细胞的遗传突变。
OBJECTIVE To compare the genetic damage of somatic cells and germ cells in benzene poisoning, asbestosis and poisonous gas poisoning, and to provide basis for the study of occupational disease protection and reproductive health. Methods Chromosomal aberrations and micronuclei in peripheral blood lymphocytes of 174 patients with occupational diseases (including 48 cases of benzene poisoning, 71 cases of asbestosis, 55 cases of poisonous gas poisoning) and 80 healthy persons were detected by routine methods. Male semen Line sperm deformity rate and mutation detection. Results The chromosome aberration rate, micronucleus rate and sperm deformity rate were 0.4%, 1.52 ‰, (62 ± 14)% in benzene poisoning patients and 0.51%, 2.31%, (41 ± 7)% in asbestosis patients, (0.42%, 1.55 ‰ and (48 ± 8)%, respectively) were significantly higher than those in the control group [0.20%, 0.34 ‰, (27 ± 5)%], the difference was statistically significant (P <0.05). The chromosome aberration rate and micronucleus incidence in asbestosis group were higher than those in other groups (P> 0.05). The rate of sperm deformity in benzene poisoning group was higher than that in other groups (P <0.05) . In addition, new mutations in genetic material were detected in the sperm of benzene poisoning patients. Conclusion Benzene poisoning, asbestosis, poisoning of gas poisoning not only exist the damage of somatic cell genetic material, but also possible genetic mutation of germ cells.