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本文对部分原苏联官员蜕变为俄罗斯大资本家的阶段和主要原因进行了探讨。十月革命以后苏联经济、政治政策的变更以及领导干部成分的变动,使领导干部的意识与行为逐渐演变。勃列日涅夫时期,领导干部中出现了将权力异化的特权阶层,他们将个人仕途和私利的发达置于党、国家和人民的利益之上,奠定了其后蜕变的基础。苏联经济管理权力高度集中于中央,奠定了部分官员迅速攫取社会财富的前提。戈尔巴乔夫改革以后,由于体制转型出现了经济管理的断裂,创造了经济官员将手中的巨大权力变现为资本的条件,使其迅速完成资本原始积累。叶利钦进行激进改革以后,原苏联经济官员依仗权力优势,利用“休克疗法”出现的经济管理真空,在激烈的商业竞争中胜出,资本迅速积聚与集中,完成向大资本家的蜕变。
This article explores the stages and main causes of the transformation of some former Soviet officials into the big Russian capitalists. Changes in the Soviet Union’s economic and political policies since the October Revolution and changes in the composition of leading cadres have gradually led to the gradual evolution of awareness and behavior among leading cadres. During the Brezhnev period, there emerged a privileged class of leading cadres who alienated their power. They placed the development of personal career and private interests above the interests of the party, the country and the people and laid the foundation for subsequent transformation. The Soviet Union’s economic management power is highly concentrated in the Central Government, laying the precondition that some officials quickly grab social wealth. After the reform of Gorbachev, due to the breakdown of economic management caused by the institutional transformation, the conditions for the economic officials to realize the tremendous power in their hands into capital were created, enabling them to promptly complete the primitive accumulation of capital. After Yeltsin carried out radical reforms, the former Soviet Union’s economic officials, relying on the power superiority and the vacuum of economic management that emerged from “shock therapy,” won the fierce commercial competition. Capital quickly accumulated and concentrated and the transformation to the capitalist house was completed.