一、前言 解放以来,细菌肥料的研究和应用在我国得到了迅速的发展。细菌肥料的有效性,已为科学研究机构的许多试验以及在农业生产中广泛地推广应用的结果所证实。累积的大量资料指出,应用细菌肥料是提高农作物产量的重要措施之一。 但是,在细菌肥料应用效果的调查中,出现了许多增产效果不显著,甚至完全无效的情况。固氮菌肥料表现得最不稳定。根据1957年全国肥料会议的统计,固氮菌肥料的增产效果波动于1—50％之间,没有肥效的实例比较多。仔细地考查这些事实的结果说明,除了其他一些原因,例如,细菌肥料本身质量不高外,主要是没有充分了解细菌肥料的特性,为施入到土壤中去的有益微生物创造生命活动的必要条件。 大家知道,细菌肥料是由土壤中一些有益的、活跃的微生物制成的生物性肥料,严格地说它并 First, the preface The liberation, bacterial fertilizer research and application in our country has been rapid development. The effectiveness of bacterial fertilizers has been demonstrated by many experiments by scientific research institutes and the results of widespread use in agricultural production. Accumulation of a large number of data pointed out that the application of bacterial fertilizer is one of the important measures to improve crop yields. However, in the investigation of the effect of bacterial fertilizer application, there have been many cases where the stimulation effect is not significant or even completely ineffective. Azotobacter fertilizer showed the most unstable. According to the statistics of the 1957 National Fertilizer Conference, the effect of increasing the yield of nitrogen-fixing bacteria and fertilizers fluctuated between 1 and 50%. There were more cases of no fertilizer effect. A careful examination of these facts shows that, among other reasons, such as the poor quality of the bacterial fertilizer itself, there is mainly insufficient understanding of the characteristics of the bacterial fertilizer and the necessary conditions for creating life-activities for the beneficial microorganisms applied to the soil . As we all know, bacterial fertilizers are biological fertilizers made from some beneficial and active microorganisms in the soil, strictly speaking