最近几年各国(其中尤以美国最甚)对金属材料中的形状记忆效应(SME)(经常称之为机械效应或马氏体记忆效应)的兴趣在不断增长,而且从机理和应用上进行了大量工作,并已将此效应应用到机器制造和金属加工工业的各个领域中。到目前为止,已在许多金属合金中发现了此效应,如Ti-Ni、Fe-Ni、Cu-Al、Au-Cd、Cu-Al-Ni、Co-NiNi-Al等。某些作者认为,这种效应原则上在任何有马氏体相变的材料上均有出现。 所谓形状记忆效应,简言之,即将一个有形状记忆效应的材料(带状或线状均可)加热到马氏体转变温度以上,使之变形,而后冷却到使材料全部(或部分)进行马氏体转变的温度并将变形的材料拉直,然后再加 Interest in Shape Memory Effect (SME) in metal materials, often referred to as mechanical effects or martensitic memory effects, has been growing in recent years in various countries, most notably in the United States, and from the mechanistic and application perspective A great deal of work has been done and this effect has been applied in all areas of the machine building and metalworking industries. So far, this effect has been found in many metal alloys such as Ti-Ni, Fe-Ni, Cu-Al, Au-Cd, Cu-Al-Ni, Co-NiNi-Al and the like. Some authors believe that this effect in principle occurs on any martensitic transformation material. The so-called shape memory effect, in short, is about to have a shape memory effect of the material (ribbon or wire can be) heated above the martensite transformation temperature, so that it is deformed, and then cooled to make all or part of the material The temperature of the martensite changes and the strained material is straightened and then added