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目的分析2011-2014年河北省手足口病“三间分布”的流行特征以及病原学特征,为手足口病的防控提供科学依据。方法利用描述流行病学方法对2011-2014年河北省疾病监测信息报告系统上报的手足口病病例和实验室检测结果进行统计分析。结果 2011-2014年手足口病年均发病率为102.15/10万,出现每隔一年高发的现象。时间分布上,全年疫情呈现双峰分布,从3月份疫情启动到达峰值,发病强度有逐年增强的趋势。地区分布上,手足口病发病水平在河北省各地区之间存在差异,冀中地区发病率一直保持着较高水平,冀北、冀中、冀东地区发病率均呈逐年上升的趋势(Ptrend<0.05)。人群分布上,患者主要为5岁以下幼儿,1~岁组发病率最高,各年龄组男性发病率均高于女性。病原特征上,EV71阳性率高达为53.20%,且不同年份病原构成略有不同。结论河北省手足口病呈现明显的季节、人群以及一定的地区分布规律,EV71仍是手足口病的主要病原体,应同时密切关注手足口病病原谱的变化。
Objective To analyze the epidemiological and etiological characteristics of HFMD in Hebei Province from 2011 to 2014 and to provide a scientific basis for prevention and control of HFMD. Methods Descriptive epidemiological methods were used to analyze the reported cases of hand-foot-mouth disease and laboratory test results reported by the Disease Surveillance Information Reporting System in Hebei Province during 2011-2014. Results The average annual incidence rate of hand-foot-mouth disease in 2011-2014 was 102.15 / 100 000, with a high incidence every other year. Time distribution, the epidemic showed a bimodal distribution throughout the year, from the start of the epidemic peaked in March, the intensity of the incidence has increased year by year. In terms of geographical distribution, the incidence of hand-foot-mouth disease is different in all regions of Hebei Province, and the incidence in Jizhong has been maintained at a high level. The incidence rates of Hebei, Jizhong and Jidong have been increasing year by year (Ptrend <0.05). Distribution of population, the patients mainly for children under 5 years of age, the highest incidence of 1 ~ age group, male incidence in all age groups were higher than women. Pathogenic characteristics, the positive rate of EV71 up to 53.20%, and slightly different pathogen composition in different years. Conclusion Hand, foot and mouth disease in Hebei Province shows obvious season, population and some regional distribution rules. EV71 is still the major pathogen of hand-foot-mouth disease. At the same time, the changes of pathogen spectrum of hand-foot-mouth disease should be closely monitored.