目的评估2013年9月中国(未包括香港、澳门和台湾地区)突发公共卫生事件及需要关注的传染病风险。方法根据全国突发公共卫生事件报告及重点传染病监测等各种监测资料和部门通报信息,采用专家会商法进行评估。结果既往监测显示,9月是全年报告突发公共卫生事件数较高的月份之一,全国突发公共卫生事件总报告事件数和病例数较8月将有所增加;仍处于肠道传染病及食物中毒事件的多发季节;面临登革热输入和本地暴发的双重压力;人感染H7N9禽流感存在出现新病例的可能;中东呼吸综合征疫情虽然不足以构成国际关注的突发公共卫生事件,但中东地区新发病例的持续发生仍需要继续关注;随着近期各类学校和幼托机构陆续开学,学校和幼托机构中流行性感冒、流行性腮腺炎、手足口病、水痘等传染病暴发疫情和食物中毒事件的发生风险将上升;中秋、国庆长假临近,各地卫生部门应提前做好旅行卫生提示,并加强节日期间的传染病监测、卫生监管和应急值守工作;此外,还应关注洪涝等自然灾害可能导致的次生公共卫生风险。结论 2013年9月我国的突发公共卫生事件及传染病疫情发生态势与往年相似,处于全年较高水平;需重点关注中东呼吸综合征、登革热和食物中毒。 Objective To assess the public health emergencies in China (excluding Hong Kong, Macau and Taiwan) and the risks of communicable diseases requiring attention in September 2013. Methods According to the national public health emergencies report and key infectious disease surveillance and other monitoring data and departmental notification information, expert consultation method was used to evaluate. Results Past monitoring showed that September was one of the months in which the number of public health emergencies in the annual report was high. The total number of reported public health emergency incidents and the number of cases in the country increased in August compared with August. And the frequent occurrence of food poisoning incidents; faced with the dual pressures of dengue importation and local outbreaks; the possibility of new cases of H7N9 avian influenza in humans; the outbreak of Middle East respiratory syndrome, though not enough to constitute a public health emergency of international concern, The continued emergence of new cases in the Middle East still requires continued attention. With the recent opening of various schools and kindergartens, schools and kindergartens have outbreaks of infectious diseases such as influenza, mumps, hand-foot-mouth disease and chickenpox Epidemic and food poisoning risk will rise; Mid-Autumn Festival, the National Day holiday approaching, health authorities should make travel health tips in advance, and to strengthen the festival during the monitoring of infectious diseases, health surveillance and emergency duty work; In addition, attention should also be paid to floods Secondary public health risks that may result from natural disasters. Conclusions In September 2013, the outbreak of public health emergencies and infectious diseases in China was similar to previous years with a high level in the whole year. We should pay more attention to the Middle East respiratory syndrome, dengue fever and food poisoning.