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一、我国原油进口及原油码头基本情况石油是一个国家的重要战略资源,关系国家安全与经济发展。随着国民经济的持续发展及我国石油储备体系的日益完善,我国对石油的需求呈快速增长的态势,从1993年开始由石油净出口国转为石油净进口国,原油对外依存度(原油净进口量/原油消费总量)不断提高。表1显示了2006年至2012年我国原油生产、消费、进口的基本情况。从表1可以看出,由于我国原油需求的大幅度增长,国产原油自给率逐年下降,我国需要大量进口原油的局面已不可逆转。有学者根据我国原油进口与GDP增长的关系,预测2015年将进口原油3.55亿t,2020年达到4.4亿t。虽然近几年我国在陆路开辟了新的输油通道,进口方式正朝着多元化方向发展,但原油进口以海运为主的形势不会改变。
First, the basic situation of China’s crude oil imports and crude oil terminal oil is an important strategic resource for the country, the relationship between national security and economic development. With the continuous development of the national economy and the continuous improvement of China’s oil reserve system, China’s demand for petroleum shows a rapid growth. Since 1993, the net exporter of petroleum has switched to a net importer of petroleum. The dependence on crude oil Imports / total crude oil consumption) continue to increase. Table 1 shows the basic situation of China’s crude oil production, consumption and import from 2006 to 2012. As can be seen from Table 1, due to the substantial increase in demand for crude oil in our country, the self-sufficiency rate of domestic crude oil declines year by year. The situation that China needs to import large quantities of crude oil has been irreversible. Some scholars based on the relationship between China’s crude oil imports and GDP growth, it is estimated that in 2015 will import 355 million tons of crude oil in 2020 reached 440 million tons. Although in recent years our country has opened up new oil transmission routes on land and the mode of import is developing in a diversified direction, the situation in which the import of crude oil mainly takes the sea will not change.