Purpose:The aim of the present study was to investigate whether street basketball organized as 3 v 3 on either a half court(HC)with 1 basket or a full court(FC)with 2 baskets could improve fitness and health profiles of untrained men after 3 months of supervised training. Methods:Thirty-five untrained men(aged 20-42 years)completed the pre-and post-intervention testing(FC:n=13,HC:n=12,CO(control):n=10).The training attendance was 2.0 ± 0.4 and 1.9 ± 0.3 times per week in FC and HC,respectively.Mean heart rate(HR)was 83.8 ± 6.0 percent of maximal heart rate(%HRmax)and 84.5 ± 2.9 %HRmaxin FC and HC,respectively. Results:The 3 months of street basketball training on an FC with 2 baskets increased maximal oxygen uptake(2.4 mL/min/kg(95% confidence interval (CI): 1.0-3.9)), time to exhaustion (47 s (95%CI: 26-67)), lean body mass (0.8 kg (95%CI: 0.1-1.5)), and bone mineral density (0.021 g/cm2(95%CI: 0.011-0.031)), whereas mean arterial pressure (-5.6 mmHg (95%CI: -7.5 to 3.7)), body fat percentage (-1.6%, (95%CI:-2.5 to -0.7)),heart rate (-18 bpm(95%CI: -24 to -12)),and blood lactate (median: -1.4 mmol/L (interquartile range:-1.5 to-0.6))during submaximal running were lowered.The changes were less pronounced after the training period when playing on an HC with 1 bas-ket,but increases in maximal oxygen uptake(1.6 mL/min/kg(95%CI:-0.1 to 3.3)),time to exhaustion(28 s(95%CI:9-47)),lean body mass (1.3 kg(95%CI:0.3-2.4)),and lower body fat percentage(-0.9%(95%CI:-1.9 to-0.1))were observed in this group. Conclusion:Three months of 3 v 3 street basketball training improved fitness and led to broad-spectrum improvements in variables related to overall health profile,with the most marked effects observed when playing on an FC with 2 baskets.