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以不同基因型的水稻品种日本晴、N70、N178和OM052为供试品种,氮肥采用尿素,按基肥(70%)和蘖肥(30%)两次施用,设置3个施氮水平(N用量设0、120、270 kg·hm~(-2))的田间小区试验,研究氮素水平对水稻产量、氮素利用效率和稻米品质的影响,以期为氮肥合理施用和氮高效水稻品种创制提供科学依据.结果表明:施氮能增加水稻品种产量的原因是提高了有效穗数和每穗实粒数;与对照(0 kg·hm~(-2))相比,当施氮量为120和270 kg·hm~(-2)时,OM052籽粒产量在4个品种中增幅最大,分别为41.1%和76.8%;品种产量增幅不同是由于氮素利用效率的差异,在120、270 kg·hm~(-2)氮处理下,4个供试品种中,日本晴籽粒产量和氮素农学利用率(40.90 g·g~(-1)、18.56 g·g~(-1))都最低,为氮低效品种,OM052籽粒产量和氮素农学利用率(145.9 g·g~(-1)、81.24 g·g~(-1))都最高,为氮高效品种.施N能够增加各品种的直链淀粉和蛋白质含量,使胶稠度变长,降低垩白率、垩白度和碱消值;随施氮量增加,热浆黏度、峰值黏度、回复值和崩解值递减,而消碱值递增.相关性分析表明,低N水平下,供试品种产量及产量构成因子与外观品质、蒸煮食味的相关性更显著.综上,OM052是一个籽粒产量和氮素利用效率“双高”基因型品种,合理施用氮肥可以显著增加水稻的有效穗数和每穗粒数,改善稻米籽粒品质,实现高产和优质的协同.
Three rice cultivars, Nipponbare, N70, N178 and OM052 with different genotypes were used as tested varieties. Nitrogen fertilizers were applied twice with basal fertilizer (70%) and tillering fertilizer (30%). Nitrogen application 0,120,270 kg · hm -2) field trials were conducted to study the effects of nitrogen levels on rice yield, nitrogen use efficiency and rice quality in order to provide scientific basis for the rational application of nitrogen fertilizer and the creation of high efficient nitrogenous rice varieties The results showed that the reason for increasing yield of rice was that the number of effective panicle and the number of grains per panicle were increased. Compared with the control (0 kg · hm -2) At the rate of 270 kg · hm -2, the grain yield of OM052 increased by 41.1% and 76.8% respectively in the four varieties. The difference of yield increase was due to the difference of nitrogen use efficiency, and at 120,270 kg · hm Among the four tested cultivars, the grain yield and NUE (40.90 g · g -1, 18.56 g · g -1) of Nipponbare were the lowest under ~ (-2) Nitrogen inefficient cultivar, OM052, had the highest nitrogen yield and nitrogen use efficiency (145.9 g · g -1, 81.24 g · g -1) Amylose and protein containing The viscosity of the hot slurry decreased, while the viscosity and peak viscosity, the recovery value and the disintegration value decreased, while the alkalinity value increased. The analysis showed that under the low N level, the correlation between the yield and yield components of the tested varieties and the appearance quality and the cooking and eating was more remarkable.In summary, OM052 is a model of “double high” genotype The rational application of nitrogen fertilizer can significantly increase the effective panicle number and grains per spike, improve rice grain quality, achieve high yield and high quality synergy.