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在亚里士多德讨论的所有伦理德性中,“豪迈”(megalopsychia)是引发争论最多的一个。本文从《后分析篇》中亚里士多德提出豪迈作为定义统一性问题的例子入手,讨论亚里士多德在两部主要伦理学著作中界定豪迈的尝试。在《欧德谟伦理学》中,亚里士多德提出了以荣誉为核心的豪迈定义,但是这个定义引发了荣誉的地位问题、豪迈的独立性问题、豪迈的依赖性问题,以及如何看待关于小荣誉及其自我认识的问题。而在《尼各马可伦理学》中,亚里士多德转变了论述的重点,提出了以自我认识为核心的豪迈定义,以此来统一豪迈者对荣誉的态度,同时提出了一种涉及较小荣誉的无名德性,这样就成功地解决了《欧德谟伦理学》中遗留下来的困难。这一讨论有助于我们厘清两部伦理学著作的关系,以及围绕豪迈的诸多争论。
Of all ethical virtues Aristotle discussed, “megalopsychia” was the one that caused the most controversy. In this article, Aristotle proposes “heroism” as a case of defining the problem of unity in Archetypal Analysis of Post-Analysis, and discusses Aristotle’s attempt to define heroism in two major ethical works. Aristotle proposed the heroic definition of honor as the core in “Ethodian Ethics”, but this definition led to the status issue of honor, the heroic independence issue, the heroic dependence problem, and how to treat the case of small Honor and self-awareness issues. In the “Nicomachean Ethics”, Aristotle changed the focus of the discussion, put forward the self-knowledge as the core of the heroic definition, in order to unify the heroic attitude towards honor, at the same time proposed a The impoliteness involving lesser honors led to the successful resolution of the remaining difficulties in Ethics of Odemus. This discussion helps us to clarify the relationship between the two ethical writings and the many controversies surrounding heroism.