论文部分内容阅读
目的用统计学方法分析航天员舱外活动(EVA)典型动作工效学问题,为下一步EVA提供参考。方法依据NASA对1965~1997年间EVA的描述,将编年体数据进行编辑,建立数据库,分析EVA典型动作及航天员主观感受涉及的工效学问题。结果统计发现,开关舱门、螺栓连接、连接断开接头、更换设备动作较多;脚限位器固定、沿扶手行走、按按钮、运输货物、敲击动作较少。主观感受中最常见问题是冷;其次是出舱活动累,难度大,工具使用不便;最后是眼睛不适及手套灵活性问题。结论本研究对于EVA相关的任务预研、地面训练、工效实验和航天员动作仿真具有参考价值。
Objective To analyze the typical ergonomics of astronaut extravehicular activities (EVA) with statistical methods, and provide a reference for the next EVA. Methods According to NASA’s description of EVA from 1965 to 1997, the chronological data were edited to establish a database to analyze the ergonomics involved in the typical actions of EVA and subjective feelings of astronauts. The results show that the switch door, bolt connection, disconnect the connector, the replacement of equipment more action; foot stopper fixed, walking along the handrail, press the button to transport the goods, less percussion. Subjective feelings of the most common problem is cold; followed by the activities of the capsule tired, difficult, inconvenient to use tools; Finally, eye irritation and gloves flexibility issues. Conclusion This study is of reference value to EVA related mission pre-research, ground training, ergonomic experiment and astronaut motion simulation.