传统的文学理论,往往只注重人物形象的分析或作者与人物的关系,而忽视了叙述人在小说中的作用。接受美学的发展引进了一个读者的关系,而现代叙述学则构建了作者、叙述人、人物、读者及叙述人、人称、视角、故事之间全新的关系。叙述人担负着叙述小说的任务。他与作者、人物、人称的关系纵横交错,复杂微妙。他可以等同于作者,也可与作者毫不相干;他可以是故事中的一员,也可游离于故事之外;他可以运用第一人称、也可以运用第三人称;他可直接以主人公的面目出现,也可以仅是一个次要的人物,甚至只是一个旁观者;他可以运用全知的视角,也可以 Traditional literary theory tends to focus only on the analysis of the character image or the relationship between the author and the character, while ignoring the role of the narrator in the novel. The development of the reception aesthetics introduced a readership relationship, while the modern narratology constructed a brand-new relationship between author, narrator, character, reader and narrator, personal name, perspective and story. The narrator is responsible for the task of narrative fiction. His relationship with authors, characters, and people is criss-crossing and complex and subtle. He can be equated with the author, and can also be irrelevant to the author; he can be a member of the story, but also can be out of the story; he can use the first person, can also use the third person; he can directly face the protagonist Appearing, it can also be only a minor character, or even just a bystander; he can use an omniscience perspective, or