1.德意志在“铁与血”中的统一德意志作为一个国家从中世纪以来一直是个地理概念,直到近代以来“神圣罗马帝国”也只是一个松散的邦联,这缘于德国资本主义发展的不充分,君主专制的顽固性、容克地主贵族对市场的人为分割以及观念与经济管理方式的极度落后,都严重阻碍了德国资本主义的进一步发展,这与德意志诸邦在经济 1. The Unification of Germany in “Iron and Blood” As a nation, Germany has been a geographical concept since the Middle Ages. Until recently, the “Holy Roman Empire” was only a loose confederation due to the development of German capitalism The inattentiveness of the monarchy, the artificial division of the market by the Junker lords, and the extreme backwardness of the concepts and economic management have seriously hindered the further development of German capitalism,