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基于物理模型试验,深入讨论了波浪入射角度、相对板宽、相对波高等因素对防波堤消浪效果的影响,并对不同影响因素下防波堤前后水域的波浪形态、透射、反射系数及波能衰减系数变化特征进行了比较和分析.试验结果表明,斜向入射波浪通过双层水平板防波堤传播过程中,防波堤前后水域的波浪形态与波浪正向入射时有显著差别:相对板宽B/L≤0.5、波浪入射角q0_0≥30°条件下,堤前波浪具有显著的三维波浪特征,能量方向分布范围可达60°–90°,但其主方向可保持基本与入射波浪方向一致;堤后波浪主波向与入射波方向有所偏离,表明双层水平板防波堤对斜向波浪有折射作用,0_0≥45°条件下,堤后波浪主要能量方向分布范围可达90°以上.就消防浪性能而言,波浪斜向入射时,与正向入射比较,波能衰减系数(能量损耗)有所降低,但反射系数有所增大.在波浪入射方向为0°–60°试验范围内,综合防浪效果以30°为最佳,其他方向入射时透射系数与正向入射比较差别约±15%左右.
Based on the physical model test, the effects of wave incidence angle, relative plate width and relative wave height on the wave-absorbing effect of breakwaters are discussed in depth. The wave forms, transmission and reflection coefficients and wave energy attenuation coefficients The results show that during the propagation of obliquely incident wave through the double horizontal plate breakwater, there is a significant difference between the wave form before and after the breakwater and the normal incidence of wave: the relative plate width B / L≤0.5 , Wave incidence angle q0_0≥30 °, the wave in front of the embankment has significant three-dimensional wave characteristics, and its energy direction can be distributed in the range of 60 ° -90 °, but its main direction can be kept basically consistent with the incident wave direction; The deviation of the wave direction from the incident wave indicates that the double-layer horizontal plate breakwater has a refraction effect on the oblique wave, and the distribution of the main energy direction of the wave after the bank can reach more than 90 ° under the condition of 0_0≥45 °. As a result, when the wave is incident obliquely, the wave energy attenuation coefficient (energy loss) is reduced as compared with the normal incidence, but the reflection coefficient is increased. When the wave incidence direction is 0 ° -60 ° test range, the integrated anti-wave effect to 30 ° for the best, the other direction of incidence when the incidence of transmission and the difference between the positive incidence of about ± 15% or so.