抗日战争时期是20世纪中国社会转型的一个极为特殊的、也是极为关键和重要的时期。一方面,从19世纪上半期开始的由传统社会向现代社会的过渡原本就异常艰辛和曲折,到抗战时期,由于日本帝国主义的全面武装侵略、血腥屠杀和疯狂掠夺,中华民族遭受了深重的灾难,这对中国的社会转型的进程无疑深刻地打上战争劫难的历史伤痕;另一方面,自20世纪以来逐渐觉醒并日益滂湃的中国民族意识、现代主权国家观念和思想潮流,在五千年文明蕴力的基础上形成了足以取得抗击任何外来侵略战争胜利、扭正中国社会发展航向并深刻影响世界发展进程的震撼人心的浩然生命韧力和强力,这又是中国20世纪社会发展甚至是中华民族五千年发展历史上甚为关键、极为重要的一页。值此抗日战争胜利60周年纪念之际,作为20世纪社会转型问题笔谈栏目,我们组织、约请了对抗日战争问题向有深入研究的魏宏运先生、王桧林先生、王建朗先生、荣维木先生,从抗日战争及其胜利对中国社会转型、抗战中的中国与20世纪的国际外交体系的变动等角度,各自贡献了自己的最新研究成果,以表达作者和我刊对发生在20世纪三四十年代的、在我中华民族发展过程中具有转折意义的这段历史的纪念和思考。 The War of Resistance Against Japan was a very special and very crucial and important period in the social transformation of China in the 20th century. On the one hand, the transition from the traditional society to the modern one started in the first half of the 19th century was originally extremely difficult and tortuous. By the time of the War of Resistance Against Japan, the Chinese nation suffered a great disaster due to the all-out armed aggression, bloody massacre and frenzied looting by the Japanese imperialists On the other hand, the concept of nationality and the trend of thoughts of the modern sovereign states that have gradually awakened and surged since the 20th century have undoubtedly marked the historical scars of the war catastrophe in the course of 5,000 years Based on the strength of culture and civilization, has formed a powerful and powerful life that is powerful enough to win the victory in any war against foreign aggression, correct the course of social development in China and profoundly affect the course of world development. This is yet another reason why China’s social development in the 20th century is even The five thousand-year history of the Chinese nation is a very crucial and extremely important one in history. On the occasion of the commemoration of the 60th anniversary of the victory of the Anti-Japanese War, we organized and invited the questions concerning the war of resistance against Japan to Mr. Wei Hongyun, Mr. Wang Huailin, Mr. Wang Jianlang and Mr. Rong Weimu From the perspective of the anti-Japanese war and its victory on the social transformation of China, the changes in China during the war of resistance against Japan and the international diplomatic system in the 20th century, each contributed its own latest research results to express the author’s and my own opinion on the changes that took place in the 20th century, The commemoration and reflection of this decade of history that had a turning point in the development of the Chinese nation.