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新生儿危重症评分是一种评估新生儿疾病危重程度、预测死亡风险的评分系统，其对神经预后的评价亦有重要的参考价值。由于各种新生儿危重症评分具有不同的评估内容，对神经预后的评估效能也存在差异。新生儿急性生理学评分、新生儿急性生理学评分-Ⅱ、新生儿急性生理学评分围生期补充-Ⅱ、婴儿神经生物学危险评分等对远期神经预后均有良好的预测价值，而新生儿临床危险指数、新生儿临床危险指数-Ⅱ的预测价值尚未确定。该文对多种新生儿危重症评分与极低出生体重儿(VLBWI)神经预后的相关性研究进行综述，为VLBWI神经损伤的早期识别和预后判断提供参考。“,”Neonatal critical illness score is a scoring system that assesses the severity of neonatal disease and predicts the risk of death.However, it also has an important reference value for the evaluation of neurological prognosis.Since various neonatal critical scores have different assessment contents, the evaluation performance of neurological prognosis is also different.Score for neonatal acute physiology, score for neonatal acute physiology, version-Ⅱ, score for neonatal acute physiology, perinatal extension, version-Ⅱ, nursery neurobiological risk score, et al, have good predictive value for long-term neurological prognosis.The predictive value of clinical risk index for babies, clinical risk index for babies and version-Ⅱ remains unproven.This article reviews the correlation between neonatal critical illness score and the neurological prognosis of very low birth weight infants(VLBWI), in order to provide references for the early identification and prognositic judgement of VLBWI nerve damage.