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基于南汇和奉贤两个海上测风塔观测资料,采用数值统计分析方法,研究了上海近海海域低层风特征,包括风切变指数特征、风的阵性特征和湍流强度特征。结果表明,上海近海10~70 m高度风切变指数在0.09左右,阵风系数在1.20左右,均小于《建筑结构荷载规范》的推荐值。随着风速的增大,风切变指数和阵风系数均呈减小的变化。当风力等级在4级及以上时,切变指数可靠性较好,阵风系数变化较小,湍流强度基本相等。上海近海阵风系数和湍流强度均随着高度的增加而减小,在40 m以上时都趋于稳定。研究结果可为上海近海风资源评价、重大工程规划设计和施工建设以及区域防灾减灾实践提供科学依据和参考。
Based on the observational data of two wind towers in Nanhui and Fengxian, the characteristics of low-level winds, including the characteristics of wind shear index, the characteristics of the wind and the intensity of turbulence, are studied by numerical statistical analysis. The results show that the wind shear index at the height of 10 ~ 70 m in the coastal area of Shanghai is about 0.09 and the gust coefficient is about 1.20, which are all less than the recommended values of “Building Structure Load Specifications”. As the wind speed increases, the wind shear index and gust coefficient show a decreasing change. When the wind level is at level 4 and above, the shear index is more reliable, the gust coefficient changes little and the turbulence intensity is basically the same. Both the gust coefficient and the turbulence intensity of coastal off-shore in Shanghai decrease with the increase of altitude, and tend to be stable above 40 m. The research results can provide scientific basis and references for the evaluation of offshore wind resources in Shanghai, planning and design of major projects, construction and disaster prevention and mitigation in the region.