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目的了解内蒙古牧区居民重点传染病预防知识干预效果,为制定牧区传染病健康教育干预策略提供依据。方法采用多阶段分层随机抽样方法,对内蒙古自治区1 022名牧区居民进行重点传染病预防知识知晓情况调查,从政策与环境支持、适宜服务提供和知识技能行为改变3个方面进行干预,并对干预效果进行评价。结果内蒙古牧区居民对布鲁氏菌病、肺结核和乙肝3种传染病知识知晓率由干预前的69.0%、82.0%和48.6%提高到干预后的52.7%、82.9%和63.8%;其中,布鲁氏菌病和乙肝知识知晓率提高明显(P<0.001),肺结核知识知晓率干预前后差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。干预后,不同年龄、文化程度居民布鲁氏菌病和乙肝预防知识知晓率均明显高于干预前(均P<0.01);其中,40~54岁组和不识字/识字很少组提高幅度最大,分别由干预前的29.4%和48.0%提高到干预后的59.8%和67.3%。无论干预前后,各组别均有随文化程度升高知晓率提高的趋势,但干预后知晓率提高幅度则随文化程度升高而降低。结论综合干预措施可以有效提高牧区居民布鲁氏菌病和乙肝预防知识知晓水平,对中年和低文化程度人群效果最好。
Objective To understand the intervention effect of key infectious diseases prevention knowledge among pastoral inhabitants in Inner Mongolia and provide the basis for formulating health education intervention strategies for infectious diseases in pastoral areas. Methods The multi-stage stratified random sampling method was used to investigate the knowledge of prevention of key infectious diseases in 1 022 pastoral areas in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, intervened in three aspects: policy and environmental support, appropriate service provision and changes in knowledge and skills. The effect of intervention was evaluated. Results The knowledge of the three epidemic areas of brucellosis, tuberculosis and hepatitis B among residents in pastoral areas of Inner Mongolia increased from 69.0%, 82.0% and 48.6% before intervention to 52.7%, 82.9% and 63.8% respectively after intervention. Among them, The awareness rates of brucellosis and hepatitis B were significantly increased (P <0.001). There was no significant difference in knowledge of tuberculosis between before and after intervention (P> 0.05). After intervention, the awareness rates of brucellosis and hepatitis B prevention among residents of different ages and education levels were significantly higher than those before intervention (all P <0.01); among 40 to 54 age group and those with illiteracy / literacy The maximum, respectively, increased from 29.4% and 48.0% before intervention to 59.8% and 67.3% after intervention respectively. No matter before or after intervention, the awareness rate of all groups increased with the increase of education level, but the increase rate of awareness after intervention decreased with the increase of education level. Conclusion Comprehensive interventions can effectively improve the knowledge of brucellosis and hepatitis B prevention among residents in pastoral areas, and have the best effect on middle-aged and low-education population.