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20世纪50年代中国的技术引进和技术创新活动集中在“一五”时期和“大跃进”时期,虽然这两个时期在引进基础上的创新活动都是在重工业优先发展战略下的体制框架内进行的,但在引进技术的行业构成、规模、项目建设的实施和技术的消化乃至技术创新机制、成效等方面都有所不同。“一五”时期采用了全面、系统、灵活多样的方式和重点攻关,在消化、吸收引进技术方面取得了明显的成效,某些领域实现了技术再造,技术创新能力得到了迅速积累,但从总体上看仍处于对引进技术的翻版、修改阶段。“大跃进”时期的技术创新机制被严重干扰,群众运动代替了深入细致的科学研究,在群众性技术革新运动中引进基础上的创新活动格外活跃,通过技术革新运动学会了自行制造一些成套设备、生产工艺,但并没有从产业部门或行业整体上真正实现引进基础上的再次创新,其整体水平依然停留在对引进技术的“初级模仿”阶段。
In the 1950s, China’s technology import and technological innovation activities focused on the “First Five-Year” period and the “Great Leap Forward” period. Although the innovation activities based on the introduction during the two periods were all within the institutional framework under the priority industrial development strategy However, there are differences in terms of composition, scale, implementation of project construction, digestion of technology and even technological innovation mechanism and effectiveness in the introduction of technology. The first five-year plan adopted a comprehensive, systematic, flexible and diversified approach and key breakthroughs. Significant achievements have been made in digesting and absorbing imported technologies. In some areas, technological reengineering has been achieved and technological innovation capabilities have been rapidly accumulated. However, Overall, the technology is still in the revision of imported, modified stage. During the “Great Leap Forward” period, the mechanism of technological innovation was severely disrupted. The mass movement replaced the intensive scientific research. The innovation activities based on the mass technological innovation movement were particularly active. Through the technological innovation movement, we learned to create some complete sets of equipment , But did not really reinvent innovation from the industrial sector or industry as a whole as a whole. The overall level remains at the stage of “primary imitation” of imported technologies.