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目的探讨噪声与高温、电焊烟尘联合作用对工人听力的影响,为职业监护提供依据。方法 2014年选取深圳市某汽车制造厂336例接触噪声及相关有害因素的工人,按接触的职业病危害因素分为3个组:单纯噪声组(A组)110人,噪声联合高温组(B组)114人,噪声联合电焊烟尘组(C组)112人。对3个组工人的纯音听力检测结果进行统计分析。结果 3个组工人听力损伤率分别为21.36%、32.02%和31.25%。B与C组工人听力损伤率高于A组。工龄越长,听力损伤率越高。C组工人在0.5、1.0、2.0 k Hz言语频率上的纯音听阈损伤程度最严重,B组次之,A组最轻。在3.0 k Hz,C组纯音听阈平均值高于A组;3个组工人在4.0、6.0 k Hz频率上的纯音听阈平均值两两比较,差异无统计学意义。结论噪声联合高温与噪声联合电焊烟尘对工人的听力损伤高于单纯噪声,应予以注意。
Objective To explore the effects of noise and high temperature, welding fume and dust on workers’ hearing, and provide basis for occupational supervision. Methods A total of 336 workers exposed to noise and related harmful factors in a car factory in Shenzhen City in 2014 were divided into three groups according to occupational hazards: 110 in the simple noise group (A group), 100 in the noise combined with high temperature group (B group) ) 114 people, combined noise welding dust group (C group) 112 people. Three groups of workers pure tone hearing test results were analyzed. Results The hearing loss rates of the three groups were 21.36%, 32.02% and 31.25% respectively. The hearing loss rate of workers in groups B and C was higher than that in group A. The longer the length of service, the higher the rate of hearing loss. Group C workers at the 0.5,1.0,2.0 k Hz speech frequency pure tone threshold damage the most serious, followed by the B group, the lightest group. At 3.0 k Hz, the mean pure tone threshold of group C was higher than that of group A; and the mean pure tone threshold of the three groups of workers at any frequency of 4.0 and 6.0 k Hz was no significant difference between the two groups. Conclusion Noise combined with high temperature and noise welding dust on workers hearing more than simple noise, should be noted.