一百多年前,当遗传学的奠基人孟德尔在从事豌豆杂交试验时,基因只是用数理统计方法处理的形式上的遗传单位。时至今日,基因早已被视为出核酸分子组成的功能单位了。它们具有复杂的组织结构和恰当的表达方式。现在人们已经可以在试管中对基因施以种种处理,并将它们从一种细胞转入另一种细胞。科学在这个领域取得如此巨大的进展,当然是长期历史发展的结果。在回顾这段历史时,我们自然要提到在八年前作为分 More than a hundred years ago, when genetic founder Mendel was engaged in pea hybridization experiments, genes were only formal genetic units that were processed using mathematical statistics. To date, genes have long been considered as functional units of nucleic acid molecules. They have a complex organizational structure and appropriate expressions. It is now possible to manipulate genes in test tubes and transfer them from one cell to another. The tremendous progress made by science in this field is, of course, the result of long-term historical development. In retrospect of this period of history, we naturally need to refer to the points eight years ago