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沙夫通过对人的问题和人类个体问题的深入研究,厘清了青年马克思与成年马克思之间的理论联系,形成了对马克思思想的整体理解,揭示了马克思主义的人道主义本质。在20世纪背景下,沙夫建构了社会主义人道主义理论体系,丰富了马克思主义的理论内涵,发展了马克思主义人道主义的当代形态。马克思主义的人道主义主要有三种理论形态,反映了不同历史时期和特定社会背景下马克思主义的理论发展特征。沙夫的社会主义人道主义思想在理论上具有创新性,在社会批判和实践策略上有一定的局限性。研究沙夫的人道主义思想能够为中国特色社会主义理论与实践提供有益的参考。
Through in-depth study of human problems and individual human problems, Schaaf clarified the theoretical connection between young Marx and adult Marx, formed an overall understanding of Marx’s thought and revealed the humanitarian nature of Marxism. Under the background of 20th century, Schaf constructed the theoretical system of socialist humanitarianism, enriched the theoretical connotation of Marxism and developed the contemporary form of Marxist humanitarianism. There are mainly three theoretical forms of Marxist humanitarianism, which reflect the theoretical development characteristics of Marxism in different historical periods and in specific social contexts. Schaff’s socialist humanitarianism is theoretically innovative and has some limitations in social criticism and practical tactics. Studying Schaff’s humanitarianism can provide useful reference for the theory and practice of socialism with Chinese characteristics.