胰腺囊性疾病占胰腺疾病的10%，因其起病隐匿、病理学分型复杂、鉴别诊断困难以及具有潜在恶变风险，给常规临床诊断与治疗带来困难。笔者查阅国内外胰腺囊性疾病的相关文献，对胰腺囊性疾病的病理学特征、既有诊断手段以及外科手术指征进行全面阐述，以期对该疾病的临床诊断与治疗提供理论支持。“,”Pancreatic cystic diseases account for 10% of pancreatic diseases. Due to hidden onset, complicated pathological classification, difficult differential diagnosis, and potential risk of malignant transformation, pancreatic cystic diseases bring certain difficulties to the implementation of routine clinical diagnosis and treatment. The authors review the pathological characteristics, existing diagnostic methods, and indications for surgery of pancreatic cystic diseases based on related literatures at home and abroad, in order to provide theoretical support for clinical diagnosis and treatment.