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公共危机是自然与公众的冲突、环境与公众的冲突、公众与公众的冲突。在各类冲突中,政府充当的是冲突的预防者、抵御冲突的组织者、解决冲突的调停者。政府是解决公共危机的主导者,但并非是全能的保护神,政府的主导作用必须通过完善的制度设计与社会体系高度融合才能得到最大化。本文通过对北京7.21特大暴雨事件的分析,力图寻求政府、社会组织、社会群体、制度设计在应对公共危机方面的内在联系。
Public crisis is the conflict between nature and the public, between the environment and the public, and between the public and the public. In all kinds of conflicts, the government acts as a preventive against conflicts, an organizer to combat conflicts and a mediator to resolve conflicts. The government is the leader to solve public crisis, but it is not the omnipotent guardian. The government’s leading role must be maximized through perfect system design and highly integrated social system. Based on the analysis of the 7.21 heavy rainfall in Beijing, this article attempts to seek the internal relations between government, social organizations, social groups and system design in coping with public crisis.