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本文详述了前苏联的地表水和地下水资源的开发利用、水质污染及保护情况,前苏联河道径流量多年平均为47400亿m~3、地下水径流量为9500亿m~3,由于径流分配的不均匀性和用水量的增加,存在着水资源的紧缺和水质恶化。解决污染的途径有增加污水处理设施、实行无残渣生产、推广循环供水系统、减少农业和生活污水的污染等。本文还介绍了几个水域(伏尔加河流域,拉多加湖地区、贝加尔湖及乌拉尔区等)的现状。
This article details the development and utilization of surface water and groundwater resources, water pollution and protection in the former Soviet Union. The annual average runoff of rivers in the former Soviet Union was 4.74 trillion m 3 and the runoff of groundwater was 950 billion m 3. Unevenness and water consumption increase, there is a shortage of water resources and water quality deterioration. The ways to solve the pollution include increasing sewage treatment facilities, implementing residue-free production, promoting circulating water supply system and reducing pollution of agriculture and domestic sewage. This article also describes the current status of several waters (Volga, Lake Ladoga, Lake Baikal and Urals).