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为探究种青养鱼养殖模式对草鱼肌肉营养成分和品质特性的影响,随机选取以种青喂草为主养殖模式下养殖的草鱼(生态草鱼)和投喂人工配合饲料进行养殖的草鱼(饲料草鱼)各16尾,测定其肌肉系水力和质构特性指标,以及肌肉常规营养成分、矿物元素、氨基酸和脂肪酸含量。结果显示,生态草鱼和饲料草鱼肝体比和空壳率无显著性差异;生态草鱼肌肉系水力指标中滴水损失显著低于饲料草鱼,冷冻渗出率不显著地低于饲料草鱼,失水率不显著地高于饲料草鱼,p H值无显著性差异;肌肉的硬度、弹性、凝聚性、胶黏性和回复性均无显著性差异;生态草鱼粗脂肪含量显著低于饲料草鱼,水分、灰分、粗蛋白含量均无显著性差异;生态草鱼P和Fe含量均显著高于饲料草鱼,Mg、Mn和Cr含量均极显著高于饲料草鱼;生态草鱼和饲料草鱼肌肉氨基酸组成基本一致,均含有17种氨基酸,其中人体必需氨基酸总量分别为6.85%和6.27%。生态草鱼必需氨基酸指数(EAAI)为76.07,而饲料草鱼为77.29,饲料草鱼略高于生态草鱼。生态草鱼和饲料草鱼肌肉均含19种脂肪酸,其中棕榈酸、花生四烯酸(ARA)、亚油酸(LA)、油酸、二十二碳六烯酸(DHA)和硬脂酸含量较高,为主要脂肪酸,而花生五烯酸(EPA)+DHA含量分别为8.95%和10.70%,且差异显著。研究表明,生态草鱼和饲料草鱼在肌肉质构特性方面无显著性差异,与饲料草鱼相比,生态草鱼具有肌肉系水力强、低脂肪和矿物元素含量高的特点。
In order to explore the effects of the breeding patterns of the cultured young fish on muscle nutritional composition and quality characteristics of grass carp, grass carp (ecological grass carp) farmed mainly in the grass-fed grass farming and grass carp Grass carp) were tested for their hydraulic and texture properties of muscular system, as well as the regular nutrition, mineral elements, amino acids and fatty acids in muscle. The results showed that there was no significant difference in the liver body ratio and the shell percentage between the ecological grass carp and the feed grass carp. The loss of water in the hydraulic index of the grass carp was significantly lower than that of the feed grass carp, the freezing exudation rate was not significantly lower than that of the feed grass carp, P H value of the grass carp was not significantly higher than that of the feed grass carp. There was no significant difference in the hardness, elasticity, cohesiveness, adhesiveness and recovery of the muscle. The crude fat content of the grass carp was significantly lower than that of the feed grass carp, Ash content and crude protein content. The content of P and Fe in ecotype grass carp was significantly higher than that in forage grass carp, and the content of Mg, Mn and Cr in forage grass carp was significantly higher than that in forage grass carp Contains 17 kinds of amino acids, of which human total essential amino acids were 6.85% and 6.27%. The essential amino acid index (EAAI) of eco-grass carp was 76.07, while that of feed grass carp was 77.29, while that of grass carp was slightly higher than that of grass carp. There were 19 kinds of fatty acids in the grass carp and feed grass carp muscle, including palmitic acid, arachidonic acid (ARA), linoleic acid (LA), oleic acid, docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and stearic acid High, as the main fatty acid, while the content of arachidonic acid (EPA) + DHA was 8.95% and 10.70%, respectively, and the difference was significant. The results showed that compared with feed grass carp, the ecological grass carp has the characteristics of strong hydration, low fat and high content of mineral elements in grass carp and feed grass carp.