一、引言文字的产生,是人类社会走出野蛮时代、跨入文明门坎的重要标志之一。文字作为记录语言的书写符号系统,需要有载体,即书写材料。在造纸术发明和推广之前几千年间,人类曾使用过各种各样的书写材料。在古代两河流域,苏美尔人最早在粘土泥板上用削尖的芦苇压写楔形字符,泥板晒干或烘干后便成今日所说的“泥板文书”。这种书写材料后来被西亚各古代民族所采用,前后延续近3000年。在古代埃及,人们将尼罗河盛产的一种称作纸莎草的芦苇剥去外皮,取其茎心,粘合加压后制成莎草纸,用削尖的芦苇笔蘸颜料进行书写。这种书写 I. INTRODUCTION The production of written words is one of the important symbols of human society going out of barbarism and into the threshold of civilization. Text as a writing language of the writing system, you need a carrier, that is, writing materials. For thousands of years before the invention and promotion of papermaking, humans had used a variety of writing materials. In the ancient two rivers, the Sumerians were the first to write wedge-shaped characters with sharpened reeds on clay clay slabs, which were called “clay instruments” after they were dried or dried in the sun. This writing material was later adopted by ancient peoples of West Asia, extending nearly 3,000 years. In ancient Egypt, people reeled the reeds, called papyrus, that were rich in the Nile, picked their stems, bonded and pressed them into papyri, and dipped them in sharpened reed pencils. This writing