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目的:评价大高良姜(Alpinia galanga)根茎的乙醇提取物对小鼠的镇痛作用并推断其可能的机制。方法:使用3个实验模型分别测定大高良姜根茎提取物对白化病小鼠(体质量25～30g)的镇痛作用。热板实验中,30只小鼠被分为5组,每组6只,分别给予口服3种剂量的大高良姜根茎乙醇提取物、皮下注射吗啡以及口服2%的阿拉伯树胶,记录给药30、60、90和120min后的热板实验反应时间。纳洛酮预处理热板实验中,另外30只小鼠在给予上述药物30min之前皮下注射纳洛酮,给药种类及方式同前,热板实验反应时间记录方式同前。扭体实验中,通过腹腔注射醋酸诱导小鼠产生扭体反应,随后30只小鼠被分为5组,每组6只,分别给予口服3种剂量的大高良姜根茎乙醇提取物、阿司匹林及2%的阿拉伯树胶,每只小鼠观察15min,记录扭体次数。结果:各个时间记录点的数据表明,与对照组相比,3种剂量的大高良姜根茎乙醇提取物均显著延长了热板实验中小鼠的反应时间(P<0.05,P<0.01)。经纳洛酮预处理后,实验组及阳性对照药吗啡组小鼠的热板实验反应时间较对应的前一实验中未经纳洛酮处理各组小鼠显著延长(P<0.05,P<0.01)。扭体实验中,与对照组相比,3种剂量的大高良姜根茎乙醇提取物均减少了实验小鼠的扭体次数(P<0.01)。结论:本实验证实了大高良姜根茎提取物的镇痛作用,验证了其在民族医学中治疗各种原因引起的疼痛的应用。其镇痛作用的机制可能是有效成分作用于中枢或外周神经系统。
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the analgesic effect of alcohol extract of Alpinia galanga rhizome on mice and to deduce its possible mechanism. Methods: Three experimental models were used to determine the analgesic effects of Rhizoma Alcedo by rhizome extract on albino mice (body weight 25 ~ 30g). In the hot plate experiment, 30 mice were divided into 5 groups with 6 mice in each group. Three doses of Radix Alcedoidea rhizome ethanol extract, morphine and oral 2% gum arabic were given orally, , 60, 90 and 120min after hot plate experiment reaction time. Naloxone pretreatment hot plate experiment, the other 30 mice were given the drug subcutaneous injection of naloxone 30min before, the type and manner of administration with the former, the hot plate experimental reaction time record the same way. In the writhing experiment, mice were induced to writhing by intraperitoneal injection of acetic acid. Subsequently, 30 mice were divided into 5 groups with 6 mice in each group. The mice were orally administered with three doses of Radix et Rhizoma Ethanol extract, Aspirin and 2% gum acacia, each mouse observed 15min, writhing frequency. RESULTS: The data at each time point showed that the ethanol extract of Rhizoma Alpiniae by three doses significantly prolonged the response time of the mice in the hot plate test compared with the control group (P <0.05, P <0.01). After naloxone pretreatment, the experimental group and the positive control group of morphine mice hot plate reaction time than the corresponding previous experiments without naloxone treatment mice significantly prolonged (P <0.05, P < 0.01). In the writhing experiment, compared with the control group, the ethanol extract of rhizome of Rhododendron Gurgens exposed to 3 doses reduced the number of writhing in experimental mice (P <0.01). Conclusion: This experiment confirms the analgesic effect of Rhizoma Alpiniae Radix extract and verifies its application in ethnomedicine for the treatment of various causes of pain. The mechanism of its analgesic effect may be that the active ingredient acts on the central or peripheral nervous system.